T5HO Fluorescent Grow Lights On Sale
a leading supplier of grow lights, residential lighting and commercial lighting, today announced its special offering of fluorescent fixtures available at reduced prices. Shoppers can save up to 32% on T5HO grow lights.
With prices for power rising in many states, some growers have found refuge in T5HO fluorescent fixtures, ideal for propagation, vegetation and bloom stages. With the reduced prices offered by Access Discounts, growers not only experience a savings in power costs, but save on the purchase of optimum performance grow lights. In comparison tests performed, a T5-48 fluorescent fixture will out produce a 1000W metal halide light in the first three weeks of use, with the T5-48 drawing as little as 432 watts.
Silver and blue make green at new greenhouses
Students and faculty driving the Interstate 80 corridor between Wells and Virginia streets in Reno have witnessed a green evolution over the course of the past few months — a new physical symbol of the College of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Natural Resources’ commitment to environmental education.
Passers-by may have pondered the functionality of the concrete building anchoring six adjacent structures, all located at the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station’s Valley Road Field Laboratory. But when the six structures were fitted with their transparent glass windows this spring, the greenhouses came to life — and many questions were answered.
“The size and scope of the project is impressive, to say the least,” said David Thawley, the college’s dean. “The greenhouse complex’s location just off the freeway gives the public an unfettered look at our college’s commitment to agricultural and environmental innovation.”
The $6.2 million greenhouse complex is closely linked to the on-campus Davidson Mathematics and Science Center. The first capital project for the natural sciences on the Nevada campus since 1972 and the future home of the College of Science, the Davidson Center will be constructed beginning this month on the site of CABNR’s former greenhouses (those greenhouses will be demolished to make way for the new building).
Hydroponics Lighting: Blue Spectrum V.S. Red-Orange Spectrum
By Jack Stone:
Hydroponics Light plays a major part in your success of your hydroponics project. Most hydroponic gardens are indoors and as such they need to have lighting of some kind. While you may be tempted to try using incandescent bulbs and lamps for light in your hydroponics system, they dont provide the right kind of light that your plants will need to thrive and grow. Hydroponics systems need full spectrum lighting that mimics the light from the sun.
Specific types of hydroponics gardens will also need a specific type of lighting. Many of you that are looking to put together a hydroponics kit will find that there is a range of hydroponics lighting on the market. Hydroponic vegetables grow best in blue spectrum light, which is a cooler form of light. Metal Halide lights are the most popular form of blue spectrum lighting. Hydroponics flowering plants grow best in red-orange light.
The best type of red-orange light is the high pressure sodium light (HPS). Blue spectrum light is great for leafy plants, such as Lettuce, Radish, or Collard. It also helps to keep the plant nice and compact. Many can find the plants in their hydroponics garden getting leggy as it strains for the light, blue light helps to combat this. This is the best type of hydroponics system light for a primary light source. The average Metal Halide light gives around ten thousand hours of good light. After that it will start to put out less and less light. The average Metal Halide light sold can put out a range of light from 175 watts to 1000 watts or more.
The wattage output you choose depends on how big your hydroponics system is. Are you just putting together a small homemade hydroponics kit or are you setting up a larger hydroponics garden? High Pressure Sodium lights producing an orange-red spectrum last around eighteen thousand hours of use. Its best for flowering plants, such as paper whites and iris. The orange-red light stimulates plants hormones, which makes for more flowering in the plant.
Be careful about placing a young plant under red-orange light. It may grow very quickly but you will see only vertical growth and it will become lanky and thin. This is because of the lack of blue spectrum light available to the new plant. The average wattage is about the same for red-orange lights, ranging from 175 to 1000 watts. Of course if your looking to cover more area then you can find professional grow lights in any spectrum with a higher wattage. The best way to light your hydroponics system seems to be with a combination of blue and red-orange light, to keep plants compact and flowering, or you can simply purchase a full spectrum light.
You can buy fluorescent lights for this. They are available in tubes or compact bulbs. Fluorescent lighting is mostly used to grow seedlings, but it will certainly grow a plant to maturity. This type of lighting can be an easy way to light your hydroponics system without the complication of hooking up both blue and red-orange lights or remembering which is which. Jack Stone writes articles on many topics including gardening. His website http://hydroponicslinks.com discusses various topics related to hydroponics systems, lighting, nutrients etc.
For further information on hydroponics go to http://www.hydroponicslinks.com or to read more about hydroponics lights go to http://hydroponicslinks.com/hydroponics/hydroponics-light-grow.html. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jack_Stone http://EzineArticles.com/?Hydroponics-Lighting:-Blue-Spectrum
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Dielectric
A dielectric is a physical model commonly used to describe how an electric field behaves inside a material. It is characterised by how an electric field interacts with an atom. It is possible to approach dielectrics from either a classical interpretation or a quantum one. However, the classical is much more intuitive.
Many phenomena in electronics, solid state and optical physics can be described using the underlying assumptions of the dielectric model. This can mean that the same mathematical objects can go by many different names.
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Electrode
An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit (e.g. a semiconductor, an electrolyte or a vacuum). The word was coined by the scientist Michael Faraday from the Greek words elektron (meaning amber, from which the word electricity is derived) and hodos, a way.
Anode and cathode in electrochemical cells
An electrode in an electrochemical cell is referred to as either an anode or a cathode, words that were also coined by Faraday. The anode is now defined as the electrode at which electrons leave the cell and oxidation occurs, and the cathode as the electrode at which electrons enter the cell and reduction occurs. Each electrode may become either the anode or the cathode depending on the voltage applied to the cell. A bipolar electrode is an electrode that functions as the anode of one cell and the cathode of another cell.
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Transformer
A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled electrical conductors. A changing current in the first circuit (the primary) creates a changing magnetic field; in turn, this magnetic field induces a changing voltage in the second circuit (the secondary). By adding a load to the secondary circuit, one can make current flow in the transformer, thus transferring energy from one circuit to the other.
The secondary induced voltage VS is scaled from the primary VP by a factor ideally equal to the ratio of the number of turns of wire in their respective windings:
By appropriate selection of the numbers of turns, a transformer thus allows an alternating voltage to be stepped up — by making NS more than NP — or stepped down, by making it less.
Indoor Garden Lighting
Lighting plays an essential role in hydroponics gardening. Adequate indoor lighting is essential for plants to produce food and to survive. Lighting is the first thing that is taken into consideration when starting an indoor garden.
Lighting plays an essential role in hydroponics gardening. Adequate indoor lighting is essential for plants to produce food and to survive. Lighting is the first thing that is taken into consideration when starting an indoor garden. The amount of light that is naturally available or that can be supplied by artificial means, determines which plants are ideal for an indoor garden.
The amount of light entering any part of the house would vary from one location to another. The surroundings of the house such as trees, roof over hangings affect the amount of light entering through a window. A light meter that provides measures of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) should be used to calculate the amount of light falling through the window. Plants require 400 and 700 nanometers of PAR for photosynthesis and chlorophyll production.
photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)
The expression Photosynthetically Active Radiation, often abbreviated PAR, designates the spectral range of solar light from 400 to 700 nanometers that is useful to terrestrial plants in the process of photosynthesis. This spectral region corresponds more or less with the range of light visible to the human eye. Photons at shorter wavelengths tend to be so energetic that they can be damaging to cells and tissues; fortunately they are mostly filtered out by the ozone layer in the stratosphere. Photons at longer wavelengths do not carry enough energy to allow photosynthesis to take place, and plants have developed, through billions of years of evolution, the capacity to scatter these photons away, hence the very high reflectance and transmittance of live green leaves.
Other living organisms, such as green bacteria, purple bacteria and Heliobacteria, can exploit solar light in slightly extended spectral regions, such as the near-infrared. These bacteria live in environments such as the bottom of stagnant ponds, sediment and ocean depths. Because of their pigments, they form colorful mats of green, red and purple. These organisms must make use of the leftovers discarded by the plant kingdom, in this case, light outside the PAR range.
Foot-candle
A foot-candle (sometimes footcandle; abbreviated fc, lm/ft², or sometimes ft-c) is a non-SI unit of illuminance or light intensity widely used in photography, film, television, and the lighting industry.
The unit is defined as the amount of illumination the inside surface an imaginary 1-foot radius sphere would be receiving if there were a uniform point source of one candela in the exact center of the sphere. Alternatively, it can be defined as the illuminance on a 1-square foot surface of which there is a uniformly distributed flux of one lumen. This can be thought of as the amount of light that actually falls on a given surface. The foot-candle is equal to one lumen per square foot.
The SI derived unit of illuminance is the lux. One footcandle is equal to 10.76 lux, although in the lighting industry, typically this is approximated as 1 footcandle being equal to 10 lux.
In the lighting industry, footcandles are a common unit of measurement used to calculate adequate lighting levels of workspaces in buildings or outdoor spaces.
In the motion picture cinematography field, incident light meters are used to measure the number of footcandles present, which are used to calculate the intensity of motion picture lights, allowing cinematographers to set up proper lighting-contrast ratios when filming.
Candela
The candela (symbol: cd) is the SI base unit of luminous intensity (that is, power emitted by a light source in a particular direction, with wavelengths weighted by the luminosity function, a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye).
